The common cold and influenza are common viral infections of the respiratory system. While both infections appear to be the same and are often confused there are some important differences between them.
The common cold is an infection of the nose and throat by any one of several different viruses. On average, adults in the USA catch two to four colds each year, usually between the months of September and May.
Influenza, commonly called the flu, is an infection caused by the influenza virus. There are three types of influenza virus: A, B and C. The first two are the most severe, and since the strains change each year, it is difficult for the body's natural defenses to adjust and fight the infection. Type C influenza virus is very mild, and often has no symptoms.
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Symptoms of the common cold appear between one and three days after the virus has entered the body. These symptoms include a runny nose and congestion. Most people suffer from sneezing and coughing, and have reduced senses of taste and smell. The common cold is often accompanied by a sore throat. The symptoms last about a week. Symptoms can last longer and are more severe among smokers.
Flu symptoms are similar to those of the cold, but often appear more suddenly and are more severe. They may also include a fever of 101° F or above. You may also suffer from aches in your muscles, chills, fatigue and a general feeling of weakness and misery. These symptoms last about one or two weeks, but may last longer if your general health is lowered.
The common cold is highly contagious, and both viruses can be transmitted by contact with an infected person. Avoid spending time in close proximity with someone who has a cold.
There is no evidence of an increased risk of congenital abnormalities, miscarriage or premature labor resulting from either common colds or influenza viruses. If you have the flu, your doctor will watch your temperature closely. Your baby cannot control its temperature and it may be affected by a prolonged fever, especially if contracted during the first trimester.
If you have contracted a cold during your pregnancy, your doctor will recommend that you drink plenty of fluid to thin the mucus in your nose and lungs and reduce any signs of fever. A vaporizer or humidifier may also provide relief. Try to sleep propped up on several pillows so that the mucus in your nose is drained and makes it easier to breathe.
A high fever may need to be treated with acetaminophen (Tylenol
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